ar X iv : 0 90 5 . 15 18 v 1 [ q - fi n . ST ] 1 1 M ay 2 00 9 Colloquium : Statistical Mechanics of Money , Wealth , and Income
نویسنده
چکیده
The paper reviews statistical models for money, wealth, and income distributions developed in the econophysics literature since the late 1990s. By analogy with the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution of energy in physics, it is shown that the probability distribution of money is exponential for certain classes of models with interacting economic agents. Alternative scenarios are also reviewed. Data analysis of the empirical distributions of wealth and income reveals a two-class distribution. The majority of the population belongs to the lower class, characterized by the exponential (“thermal”) distribution, whereas a small fraction of the population in the upper class is characterized by the power-law (“superthermal”) distribution. The lower part is very stable, stationary in time, whereas the upper part is highly dynamical and out of equilibrium.
منابع مشابه
ar X iv : 0 70 9 . 36 62 v 4 [ q - fi n . ST ] 3 A ug 2 00 8 Econophysics , Statistical Mechanics Approach to
Probability density P (x) is defined so that the probability of finding a random variable x in the interval from x to x+ dx is equal to P (x) dx. Cumulative probability C(x) is defined as the integral C(x) = ∫∞ x P (x) dx. It gives the probability that the random variable exceeds a given value x. The Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution gives the probability of finding a physical system in a state with...
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